Top 10 Programming Languages To Learn in 2020

The most important skill in today’s world is to know how to write a computer program. Today, computers have entered almost every industry and everywhere. Computers are more useful for an organization to grow up well. Gone are the days to store the date in the form of paper. Today, in order to store and to get your information, you absolutely need computers.

The programmers and developer communities are emerging at a rate faster than the before. Various new programming languages are coming up that are suited for different categories of developers as well as for different use cases like in web application, mobile applications, game development, distributed system and more. Every beginner is puzzled with the question of ‘What programming language should I learn?’ Now Let’s take a look at the best Programming Languages to learn for a job and for a future aspects:

1) Python

Python language was developed by Guido van Rossum. Python was first released in 1991.

It is the fastest growing general purpose, high-level programming language with an emphasis on code readability. It has notable features like 

• Open-source programming language
• Extensive support modules and community development
• Easy integration with web services
• User-friendly data structures
• GUI-based desktop applications

It is also one of the most preferred languages in the fields of Analytics, ML, Data Science, Statistics, and AI with R as its only real competition.

Pros and Cons of Python:

• It Supports multiple systems and multiple platforms
• Object-Oriented Programming driven.
• Helps to improve Programmer’s Productivity
• Allows you to solve the most complex applications with ease
• It has Extensive Support Libraries

• Note ideal for the Mobile Computing
• Python’s database access layer is a bit underdeveloped and primitive.

2) JavaScript

• JavaScript was earlier called LiveScript when it was first shipped in with Netscape Navigator 2.0 in September 1995. Later, it was renamed as JavaScript. 
• Along with the HTML and CSS, Javascript is the programming language that built the Internet. 
• Featuring asynchronous event handling and crisp syntax, it has found widespread use in the field of web development. 
• What started off as a simple client-side scripting language, is now a highlight within the web development community featuring multiple frameworks for both frontend and backend development.

Pros and Cons of JavaScript:

• Client-side JavaScript is a very fast as it can be run quickly in the client-side browser
• It is simple to learn.
• JavaScript works smoothly with other languages and can be used in a variety of applications.

• JavaScript only allows single inheritance It wont allow multiple inheritances are not possible
• No copy or equal method is available.
• It is interpreted differently by different browsers.

3) Swift

• It was developed by Apple in 2014, Swift is a general-purpose, open-source language built using a modern approach to performance, safety, and software design patterns. 
• It was developed as an alternative to Objective-C to write applications for iOS and Mac. 
• It was deeply influenced by Ruby and Python, Swift was designed to be beginner friendly.
• This makes it one of the contestants of this top 10 programming languages list. 

Pros and Cons for Swift:

• The code in the Swift program was near to natural English, so it is easy to read
• New features can add easily to this language which makes swift high- level language
• It does not have a long code line.
• Automatic Memory Management feature in Swift prevents the memory leaks.

• With the continuous updating of swift versions of Apple, Swift is somewhat unstable
• As it was new programming language the pool of Swift developers is very limited

4) Java

• Java was designed by James Gosling primarily at Sun Microsystems in the year 1996.
• Java is one of the oldest and most common, in-demand computer programming languages.
• Well, think of some of your favorite web apps and games. It’s highly likely that Java plays a huge role in the code that makes them work. 
• Another important factor was Java’s magic intact among web development companies is its independence from platforms. 
• This helps the developers to essentially “write once, work anywhere” and it is  everywhere and the demand for strong developers is literally high.

Pro and Cons of Java:

• It is an Object- Oriented language
• Java offers APIs for different activities like XML parsing, Database connection, utilities, networking.
• It is a powerful open source Rapid Development tools
• It has large number of open source libraries

• Memory management was quite expensive
• The absence of templates can limit you to create high data structures.

5) GoLang

• It was developed by the tech giant Google in 2009 by Robert Griesemer, Ken Thompson, and Rob Pike, Go is one of the latest players in the programming platform. 
• It is an open-source language which makes it easy to create productive, simple, and secure software. 
• It combines all the best aspects of functional and object-oriented programming, as well as features a valuable set of in-built development tools. 

Pros and cons of Go:

• Go is a fast language as it is compiled to the machine code
• Its syntax is small compared with the other languages, and it’s very easy to learn.
• Go makes easy concurrent programming.

• Its Library Support was poor 
• Its Interfaces Are Implicit
• It has Fractured Dependency Management

6) C++

• C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983. It is a sequel to C. 
• C++ is the most used programming languages and it is root for other programming languages such as Java, C#, and JavaScript. 
• It is a simple, powerful programming language that provides a structured approach. 
• Both C and C++ are considered high-performance languages and are used in developing applications where performance is a critical issue. 

Pros and Cons of C++:

• It is a popular language, there are many compilers and libraries
• Other programming languages like C, C#, and Java have very similar syntax to C++, to make it easy to learn who knows C++.
• It does not have a garbage collector running in the background.

• The syntax of C++ is complex, and the standard library is small, making this language very difficult to learn for the beginners.
• C++ program can’t support Dynamic Memory Allocation
• The object orientation system in C++ is unnecessarily compared to other languages.

7) C#

• Created by Microsoft Its first version released in 2001, it is considered as one of the most powerful programming languages in the Dot NET framework. 
• It is a powerful and flexible language that gives you a comprehensive program which is applicable to Java, Objective-C, PHP. 
• C# as a blend of the C++ and the Java language but the creator of C# Anders Hejlsberg, says the language is more like C++ than Java. 

Pros and Cons of C#:

• It uses almost similar syntax follows by C so it easy to understand for those who know C language
• It is easy Integration with Windows
• Fully integrated with .NET library which provides access to a repository of functionality and support.
• Safer than its namesakes as pointer types are not permitted
• C# allows pointers in ‘unsafe’ blocks

8) R

 

• R programming language was designed by Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka at the University of Auckland. 
• This project was conceived in 1992, but it’s initial version released in 1995 and a stable beta version released  in 2000. 
• It is one of the most commonly used programming languages for Data Analysis and Machine Learning. 
• It provides an excellent framework and built-in libraries to develop powerful Machine Learning algorithms. 
• R is used for general statistical computing as well as graphics. 

Pros and Cons of R:

• It is Open-source language
• It is highly extensible
• It has powerful package ecosystem

• Lacks of security features
• There is no strict programming guidelines
• Memory management was poor 
• Quality of some packages was poor

9) PHP

• PHP was developed by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. 
• PHP is the most popular backend programming language. 
• Those who want to join a well old organization as a backend developer should aim to learn PHP programming.

Pros and Cons of PHP:

• Web pages can make easily 
• Good debugging with Xdebug
• It has gigantic community support and a huge ecosystem
• Lot of automation tools for testing and for the deploying applications

• PHP is slower for developing the websites completely compared to using other options
• Lacks of security
• error handling was poor 

10) SQL

• SQL was developed by Donald D at IBM. This language was available publicly in 1979.
• It stands for Structured Query Language and It is most used to communicate with the database. 
• According to the ANSI , it is the standard language for relational database management. 
• Statements of SQL are used to perform tasks such as updating data on a database, or retrieving data from a database. 

Pros and Cons of SQL:

• It is a powerful query language
• Optimised for large numbers of table rows and columns
• Searching querying of data is fast
• It can retrieving data fastly from multiple tables

• Difficult to convert from Objects into database tables
• It can only run on the single server, so wanting to increase speed means upgrading hardware.
• In case if the server stop working, then the database shouldn’t be accessed